FIGURES

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1. Delphic Sibyl, Sir Edward Burne-Jones, oil on canvas (1868). Fine art poster in the Galleria collection. 

2. Temple of Juno Lucina, Sicily. Unknown artist. Steel engraving (1824) in the Galleria collection. 

3. Themis, the Oracle of Delphi, Greek red-figured kylix, ca. 500 BC. Copy in the Galleria collection. 

4. Silver coin depicting a Sibyl on the front (65 BC). Galleria collection.

5. Silver coin depicting a sibyl on the reverse side (65 BC). Galleria collection.

6. Statue of Octavia, sister of Augustus, the so-called Sibyl, Early 1st century AD, Naples, National Archaeological Museum. Photo by Linda Cicarella (2016).

7. The Oracle of Delphi Entranced, Heinrich Leutemann (1824-1905). Giclée print in the Galleria collection. 

8. The Omphalos (Roman copy) ca. 330 BC, Delphi Archaeological Museum, Greece. Print in the Galleria collection. 

9. Rock of the Sibyl and Temple of Apollo ruins. Picture in public domain.

10. Sign pointing to Acropolis of Cuma and the Cave of the Sibyl. Photo, Linda Cicarella (2016).

11. Sibyl’s Cave (interior), Cuma, Italy. Photo, Linda Cicarella (2016). 

12. Entrance to the Cave of the Sibyl, Cuma, Italy. Photo, Linda Cicarella, (2016).

13. Cave of the Sibyl, plaque from Cuma, Italy (2016) in the Galleria collection. 

14. Sibyl’s Cave (interior) Cuma, Italy. Photo, Linda Cicarella (2016).

15. Jan Brueghel the Elder (1593). Aeneas and Sibyl in the Underworld. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Fine art print in the Galleria collection. 

16. Augustus and the Sibyl, Rogier van der Weyden (Flemish), left wing of a triptych 1444-59?). Altarpiece of Pierre Bladelin, Staatliche Museum, Berlin. Originally in Middleburg Church (near Bruges, Belgium). Picture in the public domain.

17. Vision of Augustus on the Capitoline Hill, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Assistants (ca. 1485). Above entrance to Sassetti Chapel, Santa Trinita, Florence. Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996).

18. Tiburtine Sibyl and Octavian, Master of the Sibyl. In the Nuremberg Chronicle. Printed in Germany by Anton Koberger (1493). In the public domain.

19. Tiburtine Sibyl and Augustus, fresco, Badassare Peruzzi (1528), Fontegiusta Church, Siena, Italy. Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996).

20. Temple of the Sibyl, Tivoli, Italy, early first century BC. Currier and Ives print in the Galleria collection.

21. Doors of Paradise, gilt, Grace Cathedral, San Francisco (1964). Replicas of “Gates of Paradise,” Baptistery, Florence, Lorenzo Ghiberti (1425-52). Fine art poster in the Galleria collection. 

22. Sibyl, Gates of Paradise, Lorenzo Ghiberti, bronze gilt, Baptistery, Florence (1425-52). Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996). 

23. Erythraean Sibyl, The Ghent Altarpiece, Jan van Eyck, oil painting on polyptych (closed view), 1425-32. Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent Belgium. Print in the Galleria collection.

24. Cumaean Sibyl, The Ghent Altarpiece, Jan van Eyck (Flemish), oil painting on polyptych (closed view), 1425-32. Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium. Print in the Galleria collection.

25. The Ghent Altarpiece, Jan and Hubert van Eyck (Flemish), oil painting on polyptych (closed view), 1425-32. Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium. Picture in the public domain.

26. Cumaean Sibyl, Linda Cicarella, acrylic painting (1999), after Andrea Castagno (1450), Uffizi, Florence.

27. Libyan Sibyl, Agostino di Duccio and his school, marble relief sculpture, Chapel of the Pieta (also Chapel of the Ancestors), Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini, Italy (1455). Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996).

28. Samian (?) Sibyl, Agostino di Duccio and his school, marble relief sculpture, Chapel of the Pieta (also Chapel of the Ancestors), Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini, Italy (1455). Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996).

29. Phrygian (?) Sibyl, Agostino di Duccio and his school, marble relief sculpture, Chapel of the Pieta (also Chapel of the Ancestors), Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini, Italy (1455). Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996).

30. Sibyls, Agostino di Duccio and his school, marble relief sculpture, Chapel of the Pieta (also Chapel of the Ancestors), Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini, Italy (1455). Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996).

31. Tiburtine Sibyl, wood sculpture, Jörg Syrlin the Elder, Cathedral of Ulm, Munster, Germany (1469-74). Postcard from Moira Robertson and Henry Shapiro.

32. Hellespontine Sibyl, wood sculpture, Jörg Syrlin the Elder, Cathedral of Ulm, Munster, Germany (1469-74). Postcard from Moira Robertson and Henry Shapiro.

33. Persian Sibyl, wood sculpture, Jörg Syrlin the Elder, Cathedral of Ulm, Munster, Germany (1469-74). Postcard from Moira Robertson and Henry Shapiro.

34. Cumaean Sibyl and King Tarquinius Priscus, wood engraving (1473). In Boccaccio, Concerning Famous Women, Stadtbibliothek, Ulm, Germany. Picture in the public domain.

35. Frigia, the Phrygian Sibyl, copper engraving, Baccio Baldini (c. 1482). Antique etching/engraving in the Galleria collection.

36. Cumaean Sibyl, acrylic painting, Linda Cicarella (2000), after Baccio Baldini (engraver) and Alessandro Botticelli (designer), c. 1482.

37. Libyan Sibyl, Guidoccio Cozzarelli, marble engraving, Siena Cathedral (1483). Postcard.

38. Hellespontine Sibyl, Neroccio di Bartolommeo Landi, marble engraving, Siena Cathedral (1483). Postcard.

39. Phrygian Sibyl, Benvenuto di Giovanni, marble engraving, Siena Cathedral (1483). Postcard.

40. Erythraean Sibyl, Giovanni Pisano, marble statue, façade of Siena Cathedral (1382 ca). Postcard.

41. Cumaean Sibyl, Giovanni di Stefano, marble engraving, Siena Cathedral (1482). Print in the Galleria collection.

42. Cave of the Sibyl Lilibetana, Church of San Giovanni Battista, Marsala, Sicily, photo, Linda Cicarella (2016).

43. Cave of the Sibyl Lilibetana, Church of San Giovanni Battista, Marsala, Sicily, photo, Linda Cicarella (2016).

44. Cave of the Sibyl Lilibetana, Church of San Giovanni Battista, Marsala, Sicily, photo, Linda Cicarella (2016).

45. Cave of the Sibyl Lilibetana, Church of San Giovanni Battista, Marsala, Sicily, photo, Linda Cicarella (2016). 

46. Agrippan Sibyl, Domenico Ghirlandaio and assistants, fresco, vault, Sassetti Chapel, Santa Trinita, Florence (1485). Postcard. 

47. Sibyls, Domenico Ghirlandaio and assistants, fresco, vault, Sassetti Chapel, Santa Trinita, Florence (1485). Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996).

48. Sibyl, Filippino Lippi, vault of the Carafa Chapel, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome (1492). Postcard.

49. Carafa Chapel, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome (1492). Postcard.

50. Sibyls, Filippino Lippi, Carafa Chapel, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome (1492). Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996).

51. Sibyls and Prophets. Bernardino di Betto, called "Pinturicchio" and assistants, Room of the Sibyls, Borgia Apartments, Vatican Rome, 1492-1494. Photo, Linda Cicarella (1996).

52. Sibyl & Prophet, Andrea Mantegna, grisaille distemper & gold on canvas (c. 1495, Mantua), Cincinnati Art Museum. Giclée print in the Galleria collection.

53. God the Father with Prophets & Sibyls, Pietro Perugino, Collegio del Cambio, fresco (1496-1500). Giclée print in the Galleria collection.

54. Room in the Collegio del Cambio (boarding school) with Perugino frescoes. Postcard from Moira Robertson and Henry Shapiro.

55. Doni Madonna, Michelangelo, Florence, Uffizi (1504). First known painting by Michelangelo. Original wood frame. Postcard.

56. Persian Sibyl, Pinturicchio, fresco, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome (1508). Postcard.

57. Erythraean Sibyl, Pinturicchio, fresco, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome (1508). Postcard.

58. Erythraean Sibyl, Pinturicchio, fresco, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome (1508). Postcard.

59. Delphic Sibyl, Pinturicchio, fresco, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome (1508). Postcard.

60. Frescoes in the vault, behind main altar, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome (1508). Postcard.

61. Delphic Sibyl, Michelangelo, fresco, Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome (1509). Print in the Galleria collection.

62. Delphic Sibyl, Linda Cicarella (1996), acrylic painting, after Michelangelo (1509). 

63. Libyan Sibyl, Michelangelo, fresco, Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome (1511). Fine art poster in the Galleria collection.

64. Erythraean Sibyl, Michelangelo, fresco, Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome (1509). Fine art poster in the Galleria collection.

65. Cumaean Sibyl, Michelangelo, fresco, Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome (1510). Print in the Galleria collection.

66. Persian Sibyl, Michelangelo, fresco, Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome (1511). Print in the Galleria collection.

67. Sibyls, Raphael, fresco, Chigi Chapel, Santa Maria della Pace, Rome (1511 ca). Photo by James Roberts (2016).

68. Sibyls, Raphael, fresco, Chigi Chapel, Santa Maria della Pace, Rome (1511 ca). Photo by James Roberts (2016).

69. Sibyls, Raphael, fresco, Chigi Chapel, Santa Maria della Pace, Rome (1511 ca). Photo by Linda Cicarella (2016).

70. Sibyls, prophets, and apostles, Leonard Limosin, 21 enamel paintings (1535-1540). The plaques were arbitrarily set in a gilt frame (19th c). Picture in the public domain.

71. Cimmerian Sibyl, Prophet David, Phrygian Sibyl, Leonard Limosin, enamel paintings (1535-1540). Picture in the public domain.

72. Samian Sibyl, Hermann Tom Ring (the elder), wood panel (1540 ca.), Augsburg Gallery, Germany. Picture in the public domain.

73. Delphic Sibyl, Hermann Tom Ring (the elder), wood panel (1540 ca.), Augsburg Gallery, Germany and Louvre, Paris. Photo from Library of Congress in the Galleria collection.

74. Samian Sibyl, Hermann Tom Ring (the elder), wood panel (1540 ca.), Augsburg Gallery, Germany. Photo from Library of Congress in the Galleria collection.

75. Libyan Sibyl, Hermann Tom Ring (the elder), wood panel (1540 ca.), Augsburg Gallery, Germany. Photo from Library of Congress in the Galleria collection.

76. Augustus and Sibyl, Antoine Caron, oil on canvas (1575-80), Louvre, Paris. Fine art poster in the Galleria collection.

77. Casa Santa, Loreto, Italy, marble screen (1537-80). Photo in the Galleria collection.

78. Casa Santa, Loreto, Italy, marble screen (1537-80). Photo in the Galleria collection.

79. Erythraean Sibyl, fresco, unknown artist, Casa del Dean, Puebla, Mexico (c. 1580). Print in the Galleria collection. 

80. Libyan Sibyl, Orazio Gentileschi (c. 1620), Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Postcard. 

81. Cumaean Sibyl, Domenico Zampieri, called Domenichino, oil on canvas (1616-17), Borghese Gallery, Rome. Print in the Galleria collection.

82. Cumaean Sibyl, Domenico Zampieri, oil on canvas (1622), Capitoline Museum, Rome. Print in the Galleria collection.

83. Sibylle, Guido Reni, oil on canvas (1636), Bologna, Pinacoteca Nazionale. Picture in the public domain.

84. Sibilla Persica, Guercino, oil on canvas (1647), Capitoline Museum, Rome. Postcard.

85. Persian Sibyl, Gian Francesco Barbieri, called Guercino (designer, c. 1640), Fontana (engraver, 1880s). Fine art print in the Galleria collection.

86. Libyan Sibyl Reading from Book of Fate, design by Guercino (c. 1640), Dom Cunego (engraver), 1887. Fine art print in the Galleria collection.

87. Cumaean Sibyl with a Putto (baby angel), Guercino, oil on canvas (1651), National Gallery, London. Print on canvas in the Galleria collection.

88. "A Sibyl," Diego Velázquez (c. 1632), Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain. Picture in the public domain.

89. “Sibyl with Tabula Rasa,” Diego Velázquez (c. 1648), Meadows Museum, Dallas, Texas.

90. European Sibyl, Francisco de Zurbaran and assistants, oil on canvas (c. 1650). Picture in the public domain.

91. European Sibyl, from a set of prints by a French painter, Claude Vignon, and engraved by Gilles Rousselet and Abraham Bosse in 1630. Hermitage Museum. Picture in the public domain.

92. Persian Sibille, Francisco de Zurbaran and assistants, oil on canvas (c. 1650). Picture in the public domain.

93. Sibylla Agrippina, the Agrippan Sibyl, from a set of prints by a French painter, Claude Vignon, and engraved by Gilles Rousselet and Abraham Bosse (c. 1630). Antique print in the Galleria collection.

94. Coast Scene with Aeneas and Cumaean Sibyl, Claude Lorrain (1673), London, British Museum. Fine art print in the Galleria collection.

95. Sibyl, Antonio Maria Zanetti, chiaroscuro woodcut (1724), Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX. Picture in the public domain.

96. Cumaean Sibyl, Pedro Sandoval, 18th c., Palacio de Mineria, Mexico City. There are 12 sibyls in this series. Original woodcuts were in a book by Baltasar Porreno (Spain, 1621). Picture in the public domain.

97. Cumaean Sibyl, Thomas de Leu, engraving (17th c.), from a series of 12 sibyls. Original woodcuts were in a book by Baltasar Porreno (Spain, 1621). Photograph from Library of Congress in the Galleria collection.

98. Portrait of a Young Woman as a Sibyl, Angelica Kauffman, oil on canvas, c. 1782, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (Old Masters Gallery), Dresden, Germany. Photograph by Braun Clement & Co. of Paris. This print (1905) is from the book, “Women Painters of the World, from the Art and Life Library. In the Galleria collection. 

99. Sibyl, after Angelica Kauffman, 19th century chalk and charcoal drawing. Private collection, Germany. 

100. The Bay of Baiae, with Apollo and the Sibyl, William Turner, oil on canvas (1823), Tate Britain, London. Picture in the public domain.

101. Madame de Staël by M. Eléonore Godefroid, before 1849 (after François Gerard, 1810). Giclée print in the Galleria collection.

102. Libyan Sibyl, William Story, marble statue, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC (1861). Print in the Galleria collection.

103. Libyan Sibyl, William Story, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC (1861). Photograph by James Roberts (2015).

104. Libyan Sibyl, William Story, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC (1861). Photograph by James Roberts (2015).

105. Libyan Sibyl, William Story, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC (1861). Photograph by James Roberts (2015).

106. Libyan Sibyl, William Wetmore Story, marble statue, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC (1861). Photograph by James Roberts (2015).

107. Sibylla Palmifera, D.G. Rossetti, (1866-70), Lady Lever Gallery, Port Sunlight, England. Print in the Galleria collection.

108. Delphic Sibyl, Sir Edward Burne-Jones, oil on canvas, 1868. Manchester City Art Galleries, England. Print in the Galleria collection. 

109. Sibylla Tiburtina, Edward Burne-Jones, oil on canvas (1875). Giclée print in Galleria collection.

110. Sibylla Tiburtina (1875), Edward Burne-Jones. Drawing made with pencil, black chalk and pastel, heightened with gold paint on paper. Picture in public domain.

111. Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema, On the Way to the Temple, oil on canvas (1882). Print on canvas in the Galleria collection.

112. Priestess of Delphi, John Collier, oil on canvas, Art Gallery of South Australia (1891). Poster in the Galleria collection.

113. Sibyl, Frederic Leighton, oil on canvas (before 1896), private collection. Print on canvas in the Galleria collection.

114. Fatidica, Lord Frederic Leighton, oil on canvas, 1894, Lady Lever Art Gallery, England. Picture in the public domain. 

115. Delphic Oracle, John W. Godward, oil on canvas (1899). Private collection. Print in the Galleria collection.

116. Ancient Sibyl with Greyhound, Robert M. Place, Print in the Galleria collection (2003).

117. Fortune-Teller, Naples, Italy. Photo by Linda Cicarella (2016).

118. Gnōthi Seautón means "Know Thyself" in Greek. Stone with 12 angles is in Cusco, Peru.  Unknown artist's impression of the Delphic maxim that was engraved on the entrance walls to the Temple of Apollo. Picture in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons).